A group of chronic respiratory disorders that involve a persistent obstruction airflow.

Common Examples:

1. Bronchial Asthma - a chronic disease characterized by episodic attacks of respiratory distress resulting from constriction of the bronchi and bronchioles. An allergy formation.

1. Chronic Bronchitis - inflammation of the bronchi with production of large amount of sputum that causes bronchial obstruction. An infection which involves bacteria, a secondary infection from ordinary cough.
2. Emphysema - chronic lung condition characterized by over distention and destruction of alveoli.

Signs and Symptoms:

1. Respiratory Distress
2. Productive cough
3. Use of accessory muscles
4. Abnormal breath sounds
5. Weight loss
6. Cyanosis (bluish discoloration of the skin due to lack of oxygen)

Management:

• Monitor respiratory status
• Reduce anxiety
• Turn frequently if on bed rest
• Place in fowlers position to increase air exchange
• Encourage to increase fluid intake
• Teach client proper coughing and deep breathing exercises frequently
• Administer nebulizer as ordered
• Give diet as tolerated